Introduction
In recent years, the continuous advent and application of new and special knitting materials, people's diversified requirements for clothing, decorative and industrial knitting products with novel structures and functions, as well as the rapid development of electronics, computers, and information technology, have promoted the knitting process. The continuous innovation of technology has made the design, processing and manufacturing level of knitting machinery and equipment increasingly improved. Its main manifestations are: 1) knitting technology aimed at optimizing the knitting process and improving the adaptability of raw materials; 2) using electronic and computer technology for automatic control of related devices and mechatronics knitting equipment; 3) fully forming and Knitting and wearable overall knitting processing technology and machinery; 4) Knitting machinery with multi-function, changeable and high efficiency, etc.
The following summarizes the development of domestic and foreign knitting technology and machinery from three aspects: weft-knitted circular knitting, weft-knitted plain knitting and warp-knitting.
1 Weft-knitted circular knitting technology and machinery
1.1 The loose knitting technology of tongueless knitting needles
The needle consists of a hook that replaces the function of the needle tongue and a needle body with a hook as the main body of the knitting. Both rely on their respective butts and are actively controlled by the corresponding triangle track. The advantages of this needle are:
1) The yarn is no longer controlled by the needle tongue, but is controlled by the actively guided hook, thereby reducing the tension acting on the yarn, and the yarn is no longer stretched by the needle tongue, which is also called " Loose knitting";
2) Compared with the traditional tongue flip, the up and down movement of the two parts of the needle is more reliable;
3) Reduce the abrasion of knitting needles;
4) Reduced weaving defects caused by needle failure.
However, the use of this needle will add a triangular runway, and the mechanism is more complicated.
1.2 Two-way (relative) movement technology of sinkers
In a general single-cylinder latch needle circular knitting machine, the sinker only moves radially in the horizontal direction except for synchronous rotation with the needle cylinder. In some new circular knitting machines, in addition to radial movement, the sinker can also move relative to the knitting needle in the vertical direction, so that the loop-forming conditions have been improved in many ways. One of the advantages of this technology is that the movement of the knitting needles in the loop-forming process is reduced, so that the productivity can be increased by 30% to 40% compared with traditional circular knitting machines by increasing the number of loop-forming systems of the machine or increasing the machine speed.
Another advantage of this technology is that the sum of the enveloping angles of the yarn and the loop-forming machine is correspondingly reduced, and the bending tension can be reduced, thus reducing the weaving defects such as holes caused by uneven yarn or excessive tension. As a result, the quality requirements of the processed yarns are correspondingly reduced, especially those yarns with lower strength and poor quality can also be used. Recently, some foreign companies have explored the use of special raw materials, such as high-strength, high-modulus glass fiber and carbon fiber yarn, high-rigidity stainless steel wire, copper wire and other metal wires to knit industrial knitting on a single-sided circular knitting machine with two-way movement of sinkers. Development of special protective clothing, electric seats for cars and other products. It is precisely because the sinker two-way motion technology reduces the number of yarn bending points and the yarn tension during weaving, these special yarns with high bending stiffness and high friction coefficient can be woven smoothly, while in the general single-sided circular weft It is difficult to knit on the machine.
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